Trees for Forest Garden

Submitted by eaposztrof on Tue, 12/11/2018 - 18:18

Name	Family	Description	Flower/ seeds	Height/ spread	Soil/sun	Pruning	Notes
Beech Fagus sylvatica	Fagaceae	Decidious tree Evergreen	Apr to May	30 m	Very tolerant Calcareous Shade		Attract wildlife Edible seeds and leaves
Common myrtle Myrtus communis	Myrtaceae	Evergreen shrub	Jul to Aug Oct to Nov	4.5 m	Frost tender Well drained soil	Very tolerant once established Mid to late spring	Good hedge Edible fruits and flower
European elder Sambucus nigra	Caprofoliaceae	Decidious tree	Jun to Jul Aug to Sept	6 m	Very tolerant moist loamy soil	Very tolerant (ground level)	Herbal compost activator Edible fruits and flowers
Spindle Euonymus europaeus	Celastraceae	Decidious shrub	May to Jun Sep to Nov		Tolerant Calcareous soil	Tolerant	Toxic
Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnaceae	Decidious shrub	May to Jun Sep to Nov	4 m	light sandy loam Tolerate maritime exposure	Tolerant	Attracting wildlife Fix nitrogen Edible fruits and seeds Good hedge
Elaeagnus Elaeagnus x ebbingei	Elaeagnaceae	Evergreen shrub	Oct to Jan Apr to May	5 m	Very tolerant (Maritime exposure) Well drained soil	Tolerant	Fix nitrogen Good hedge
Whitebeam Sorbus aria	Rosaceae	Decidious tree	May to jun Sep to Oct	12 m	Tolerant (maritime exposure)	Tolerant Suitable for coppicing	Attracting wildlife Windbreak tree Succeptible to fire
Ramanas rose Rosa rugosa	Rosaceae	Decidious shrub	Jun to Aug Aug to Oct	2 m	Tolerant (maritime exposure) light well-drained soil		Edible fruits
Comfrey Symphytum officinale	Boraginaceae	Perannial	May to Jun Jun to Jul	1.2 m	Tolerant Moist and deep rich soil	Tolerant	Can be invasive Use as an instant compost and tea (potassium)
Broom Cytisus scoparius	Fabaceae	Decidious shrub	May to Jun Aug to Nov	2.4 m	Tolerant (maritime exposure) Poor well-drained soil Calcifuge	Very tolerant	Fix nitrogen Attract wildlife
Guelder rose Viburnum opulus	Adoxaceae	Decidious shrub	Jun to July Sep to Oct	5 m	Tolerant But ill adapted to poor soil and dry situations	Very tolerant	Alternative host for the broad bean aphid Good hedge
Broadleaved dock Rumex obtusifolius	Polygonaceae	Perennial	Jun to Oct Jul to Oct	1 m	Good soil		Indicate a compact soil Attracting wildlife Invasive
Field maple Acer campestre	Aceraceae	Decidious tree	May to Jun Sep to Oct	15 m	Tolerant Prefers a good well-drained soil and a PH above 6. Pollution tolerant	Very tolerant : Clipping	Attracting wild life bad companion plant, inhibiting the growth of nearby plants
Gean/Wild cherry Prunus avium	Rosaceae	Decidious tree	Apr to May Jul to Aug	18 m	Requires a well-drained moisture retentive soil	Tolerant	Edible fruit Attracting wildlife Bad companion plant for potatoes, plums, wheat
Bog myrtle Myrica gale	Myricaceae	Decidious shrub	Mars to May Aug to Sep	2m	pH between 3.5 and 6	Tolerant	Attracting wildlife Fix nitrogen Repels moths and insects
Meadow sweet Filipendula ulmaria	Rosaceae	Perennial	Jun to Aug Aug to Sep	1.2 m	Alkaline and neutral soil Moist soil		Attracting wildlife
Strawberry tree Arbutus unedo	Ericaceae	Evergreen tree	Oct to Dec Nov to Dec	9 m	Nutrient rich well drained soil		Edible fruit Tolerate maritime exposure Good hedge
Yew Taxus baccata	Taxaceae	Evergreen conifer tree	Mar to Apr Sep to Nov	15 m	Very tolerant Lime stone	Very tolerant	Good hedge Tea of leaves: insecticide Toxic
Hairy bitter cress Cardamine hirsuta	Brassicaceae	Annual	April to Aug May to Sep	0.3m	Very tolerant Moist soil		Edible all winter Common garden weed
Griselinia Griselinia littoralis	Cornaceae	Evergreen shrub	May	6 m	Tolerant	Very tolerant	Tolerate maritime exposure Good hedge
Globe artichoke Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus	compositae	Perennial	Aug to Sep Sep to Oct	1.5 m	Rich and moist soil		Attracting wildlife Seems to be immute to the predation of rabbit
Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens	Ranunculaceae	Perennial	May to Aug	0.3 m	moist loamy soil on the heavy side		Garden weed can be invasive
Juneberry/Snowy mespilus Amelanchier canadensis	Rosaceae	Decidious shrub	Apr Jul	6 m	Tolerant But doesn(t like water logged or dry soil	Trimming after flowering	Edible fruit Good hedge
Bamboo Phyllostachys bissetii	Poaceae	Evergreen bamboo but can sometimes lose his leaves		1 m between 2 bamboo	Vigorous Doesn’t like too much lime	Very tolerant Can be kept at 2-3 m	Can be invasive Good hedge
Mallow Malva sylvestris	Malvaceae	Biennal/perennial	Jul to Oct (sometimes more)	1.2m	Very tolerant		Imune to the predationof rabbit
Gaultheria Gaultheria shallon	Ericaceae	Evergreen shrub	May to Jun Sep to Oct	1.2 m	Prefers acid soils	Tolerant after the flowering	Edible fruit Can be invasive
Yarrow Achillea millefolium	Asteraceae	Perennial	Jun to Aug Jul to Oct	0.6 m	Tolerant Prefers a poor and lime soil		Attracting wildlife Compost activator Good companion plant Tolerate maritime exposure Can be invasive
Periwinkle Vinca minor	Apocynaceae	Evergreen shrub	Mai to Sept	1 m	Very tolerant Prefers rich soil	Trimming it before it enters the active growing phase.	Stems for basketry Good ground cover
Bugle Ajuga reptans	Lamiaceae	Evergreen perennial	Mai to Jul Jul to Sep	0.6 m	Prefers a humus-rich, moisture retentive soil		Attracting wildlife Good ground cover
Common vetch Vicia sativa	Fabaceae	Annual plant	Mai to Jul		Very tolerant		Green manure Good forage
Tree lupin Lupinus arboreus	Fabaceae	Evergreen shrub	May to Aug	1.2 m	Requires a well-drained dry or moist soil		Maritime exposure Good shelter (quick grown and fix nitrogen)
Morning glory bindweed Convolvulus arvensis	Convolvulaceae	Perennial climber	Jun to Sep	2 m	Dry moist soil	Can’t get rid of it by cutting it	Self-fertile Invasive and harbours tobacco mosaic virus of the Solanaceae
Alpine strawberry Fragaria vesca 'Semperflorens'	Rosaceae	Perennial shrub	May to Nov Jun to Nov	0.3 m	Prefers a fertile well-drained soil	Tolerant	Compost activator Tends to lose vigorous after 2-3 years Edible berries
Sorrel Rumex acetosella	Polygonaceae	Perennial	May to Aug Jul to Sep	1 m	Tolerant moist moderately fertile well-drained soil and acidic		Attracting wildlife Dioecious
Elm Ulmus glabra	Ulmaceae	Deciduous tree	Feb to March May to Jun	30 m	well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil	Requires minimum pruning	Tolerate atmospheric pollution Maritime exposure tolerant
Lavender Lavandula angustifolia	Lamiaceae	Evergreen shrub	Jul to Sep Aug to Oct	1.2 m	Tolerant Prefers well-drained soil and not to acid	Very tolerant	Attracting wild life Tolerates maritime exposure
False box Lonicera nitida	Caprifoliaceae	Evergreen shrub		3 m	Very tolerant Well-drained soil and moist soil	Layering in Autumn Cuttings of mature wood of the current season's growth	Good hedge Ground cover plant
Chilean lantern Crinodendron hookeranium	Elaeocarpaceae	Evergreen shrub		4-8 m 2.5-4 m	Grows well in a moist but well-drained acidic soil	Need little and no regular pruning
Grape vine Vitis vinifera	Vitaceae	Deciduous climber	Spring Autumn	5 m	Neutral or lime soil Well-drained	Very tolerant , less fruit but earlier and better	Edible fruit
Kiwi Actinidia deliciosa	Actinidiaceae	Deciduous climber	Jul to Aug Oct to Dec	9 m	Prefers moist soil Prefers a sound loamy acid soil, Dislike alkaline soil	any pruning is best carried out in the winter	Dioceous Edible fruit one male to five or six females is normally adequate.
Chilean guava Ugni molinae	Myrtaceae	Evergreen shrub	May to Jul Aug to Oct	2 m	Tolerant Prefers a moderately fertile well-drained loam	Layering	Self-fertile Edible fruits
Apple Malus domestica	Rosaceae	Decidious tree	Apr to Jun	9 m	Tolerant moisture retentive well-drained loamy soil PH 6.5-6.8	best time to prune apple trees is in late winter or very early spring	Attracting wild life Edible fruits
Devil’s bit scabious Succia pratensis	Dispacaceae	Perennial	Jul to Oct Aug to Oct	0.4m	Prefers damp conditions		Attract wildlife
Crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum	Fabaceae	Annual	May to Sep Jul to Oct	0.5m	well-drained circum-neutral		Fix nitrogen Green manure Self-fertile
Dog rose Rosa canina	Rosaceae	Deciduous shrub	Jun to Jul Oct to Dec	3 m	Tolerant Prefers a circumneutral soil	Tolerates trimming	Self-fertile Attract wildlife Good hedge
Blackthorn Prunus spinosa	Rosaceae	Deciduous shrub	Mar to Apr Oct	3 m	Requires a well-drained moisture retentive soil		Attract wildlife Resistant to maritime exposure Good hedge
Pheasant berry Leycestria formasa	Caprifoliaceae	Deciduous shrub	Oct Dec	2.5 m 1.5-2.5 m	Very tolerant Well-drained soil	need annual pruning to encourage strong, healthy shoots and improve flowering
Ivy Hedera helix	Araliaceae	Evergreen climber	Oct Nov May to Jun	15 m	Very tolerant Dislikes waterlogged and very acidic soils		Attracting wildlife
Holly Ilex aquifolium	Aquifoliaceae	Evergreen shrub	May to Jun Nov to Mar	9 m	Tolerant Dislikes watterlogged PH 3.5-7.2	Tolerate hard clipping	Attracting wildlife Good hedge Toleratesmaritime exposure
Leylan cypress Cupressus x leylandii	Cupressaceae	Evergreen tree		40 m	Tolerant it prefers a moist fertile soil	Pruning is recommended to preserve or improve tree structure, vigor and life-span	Attracting wildlife Good windbreak hedge Fact growing tree Tolerates maritime exposure
Fuchsia Fuchsia magellanica	Onagraceae	Deciduous shrub	Jul to Oct	3.6 m	Succeeds in any fertile well-drained circum-neutral soil	tolerant of trimming	Attracting wildlife Tolerate maritime exposure Good hedge Cuttings
Laurel Prunus laurocerasus	Lauraceae	Evergreen shrub	Apr to Jun Sep	10 m	Requires a well-drained moisture retentive soil	Very tolerant of trimming	Attracting wildlife Excellent hedge Cuttings and layering
Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum	Ericaceae	Evergreen shrub	May to Jun	5 m	Succeeds in a most humus-rich lime-free soils except those of a dry arid nature or those that are heavy or clayey PH 4.5-5.5	Tolerate hardy clipping	Can be invasive
Privet Ligustrum vulgare	Oleaceae	Evergreen shrub	Jun to Jul Sep to Oct	3 m	Very tolerant Prefers a calcareous soil and succeeds in thin dry soil		Attract wildlife Tolerate maritime exposure and atmospheric pollution Basketry Cuttings
Potentilla Potentilla arenaria	Rosaceae
Rubus tricolor Rubus tricolor	Rosaceae	Evergreen shrub	Jul Aug to Sep	2 m	Tolerant Prefers awell drained loamy soil	Very tolerant	Good ground cover plant Tip layering in July
Holly-leaved olearia Olearia macradonta	Asteraceae	Evergreen shrub	Jul Aug	6 m	well-drained moderately fertile soil but prefers a light loam or peaty soil	Tolerant to several pruning	Tolerates maritime exposure Good hedge
Daisy bush Olearia traversii	Asteraceae	Evergreen shrub	Jun	10 m	well-drained moderately fertile soil but prefers a light loam or peaty soil	Very tolerant	Tolerates maritime exposure Good hedge
Fishbone cotonesater Cotoneaster horizontalis	Rosaceae	deciduous shrub	Jul to Aug Oct –Nov	1 m	Well drained soil	They require little or no pruning and in fact may be spoilt by harder pruning.	Ground cover Hedge
Bearberry cotoneaster Cotoneaster dammeri	Rosaceae	Evergreen shrub		40-60 cm	Prefers dry and calcareous soil	They require little or no pruning and in fact may be spoilt by harder pruning.	Attracting wildlife Good hedge Cuttings
Figwort Scrophularia nodosa	Scrophulariaceae	perennial	Jun to Sep Jul to Sep	1 m	Moist soil
St John wort Hypericum perforatum	Hypericaceae	Perennial	Jul		Very tolerant	Pruning at the beginning of spring
Tustan Hypericum androsaemum	Hypericaceae	Deciduous shrub	May to Aug	70 cm	medium moisture, well-drained soils Rich, loamy, acidic soils are preferred		Low hedge
Buddleja Buddleja davidii	Buddlejaceae	Deciduous shrub	Jul to Sep	3-5 m	Very tolerant	Early spring	Cuttings in autumn
Laurel Laurus nobilis	Lauraceae	Evergreen tree	Apr to May	7 m	Succeeds in any soil of moderate fertility	Very tolerant but slow to recover	Dioecious Good compagnon plant against pest and diseases
Red valerian Centranthus ruber	Valerianaceae	Perennial	Jun to Sep Jul to Oct	0.9 m	Grows well in ordinary moist, well-drained garden soil and on dry walls		Attracting wildlife Tolerant to maritime exposure
Firethorn Pyracantha angustifolia	Rosaceae	Evergreen shrub	May to Jul Oct to Nov	3 m	Prefers a good well-drained, moisture retentive loamy soil	Do your pruning right after the flowers have finished blooming since the following year's buds will start forming later in the year	Good hedge Attract wildlife Tolerate pollution
New zeland flax Phormium tenax	Agavaceae	Evergreen perennial	Jun to Jul	3 m	Prefers a rich loamy soil[1] but is not too fussy, succeeding in peaty soils and in boggy moorland		Tolerates maritime exposure Basketry String
Daisy bush Brachyglottis greyi	Asteraceae	Evergreen shrub	Jul to Oct Sep to Oct	2 m	Succeeds in most well-drained soils		Tolerate maritime exposure Good hedge Cuttings
Genista hispanica Genista hispanica	Fabaceae	Deciduous shrub	Apr to Jun	1.5 m	Easily grown in a light well-drained soil Prefers a rather dry stony or sandy soil and does better in one on the poor side	Very tolerant	Fix nitrogen
Portugal laurel Prunus lusitanica	Rosaceae	Evergreen shrub	Jun	6 m	prefers a well-drained moisture-retentive loamy soil	Very tolerant Any trimming is best done with secateurs in August	Good hedge
Berberis Darwinii Berberis darwinii	Berbericaceae	Evergreen shrub	Apr to May Jul to Aug	3 m	Prefers a warm moist loamy soil Acids soils	Very tolerant	Self-fertile Attract wildlife Tolerate maritime exposure
Hypericum Hypericum “Hidcote”	Hypericaceae	Evergreen shrub	Jun to Oct	1.7 m	Very tolerant Well-drained soil	Beginning of spring
Escallonia Escallonia 'Langleyensis'	Escalloniaceae	Evergreen shrub	Jul to Oct	4.5 m	Well-drained		Attract wildlife
Ice plant Sedum spectabile	Crassulaceae	Perennial	Sep to Oct Oct to Nov	0.4	Tolerant prefers a fertile well-drained soil	Cut back after flowering to maintain shape or leave seedheads overwinter	Self-fertile Attract wildlife Immune to predation of rabbits
Virbunum Virbunum tinus	Adoxaceae	Evergreen shrub	Winter	2 m	Grows well in most moderately fertile, humus-rich, well-drained soils	They require little or no pruning and in fact may be spoilt by harder pruning.
Oregano grape Mahonia aquifolium	Berberidaceae	Ervergreen shrub	Jan to May Aug to Sep	2 m	Very tolerant	Doesn’t need any trimming But very tolerant to pruning	Self-fertile Edible fruit Good hedge Leaf cuttings in autumn
Hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla	Hydrangeaceae	Deciduous shrub	Jul to Sep	3 m	Tolerant but resenting dryness at the roots	Very tolerant	Tolerate maritime exposure Leaves can be a substitute to sugar Good hedge The colour of the flowers reflects the pH of the soil the plant is growing in, the flowers are pink in a neutral to alkaline soil and blue in an acid soil
Hebe elliptica	Plantiginaceae	Evergreen shrub	Summer to early autumn	1 m	Moist and well- drained soil	Pruning may be carried out during the growing season.	Tolerate maritime exposure
Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana	Poaceae	Evergreen perennial	Aug to Oct Oct to Nov	3 m	Tolerant preferring a damp well-drained sandy or loamy soil	It should also be pruned each year to the ground. This is usually performed in late winter or early spring	Dioecious Tolerates strong winds and maritime exposure
Lophomyrtus x ralphii	Myrtaceae	Evergreen shrub	May to Jun	5 m	Succeeds in any soil of reasonably good quality	Tolerant of pruning in spring	Edible fruit Cuttings in autumn
Dogwood Cornus alba	Cornaceae	Deciduous shrub	Jun to Jul Aug to Oct	3 m	Very tolerant	For the best colored stems, the plant should be cut back hard in the spring to about 5cm from the ground	Cuttings
California lilac Ceanothus thyrsiflorus	Rhamnaceae	Evergreen shrub	May to Jun Aug to Oct	4.5 m	Tolerates some lime, but will not succeed on shallow chalk	Dislikes heavy pruning, it is best not to cut out any wood thicker than a pencil; after flowering	Fix Nitrogen Soap Tolerates maritime exposure Good hedge
Winter Creeper Euonymus fortunei	Celestraceae	Evergreen shrub	July	4.5 m	Very tolerant Prefers a well-drained loamy soil	Tolerant of clipping	Cuttings in spring
Alexanders Smyrnium olusatrum	Apiaceae	Biennial	May to Jun Jun to Aug	1.2 m	Tolerant Prefers a well-drained moisture retentive soil		Attracts wildlife
Scot pine Pinus sylvestris	Pinaceae	Evergreen tree conifer	Mai Jun (2 years to ripen)	25 m	Thrives in a light well-drained sandy or gravelly loam Acid soil	Tolerant	Attract wildlife Roots candle substitute Wind and maritime exposure tolerant Atmospheric pollution tolerant
Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta	Pinaceae	Evergreen tree conifer	May Jan to Feb	15 m	It prefers dry moist or wet soil and can tolerate drought	Tolerant	Tolerate maritime exposure
Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis	Pinaceae	Evergreen tree conifer	May Sep to Oct	50 m	Likes abundant moisture at the roots PH 4-6	Tolerant	Tolerate maritime exposure Roots for basketry Good timber for construction and fire Cuttings early summer
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii	Pinaceae	Evergreen tree conifer	Mach to May Sep to Oct	75 m	Prefers a moist but not water-logged alluvial soil	Tolerant	Good fire and building timber
Legend: Full sun \| Semi-shade \| Full shade

Trees for Forest Garden

User login